Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula - 1906 Words

Sula is written by Noble Prize winner in Literature, Toni Morrison. Morrison’s novels are known for their epic themes, dramatic dialogue, and opulently detailed characters. This novel contains originality and overflows with problematic situations that take place during the time after World War I. Sula opens up in a town called Bottom, which is mostly occupied by African Americans. This town is positioned, in the hills above the mostly white, wealthier community of Medallion, Ohio. This town has become a vibrant community which holds plenty of diverse characters. This novel contains two girls who grow up to become women. Sula Peace and Nel are the two main characters that become fiercely attached during adolescents. These girls come from a different family platform but become very close. Although people in town would think of Nel’s family life as rigid, Nel comes from an over-strict upbringing, and the product of a family that believes in social conventions. She is kno wn for being proper, and the â€Å"good† one when compared to Sula. On the other hand, Sula lives in a chaotic household ran by strong-willed women. Although Sula is consistently positioned as the wild, impulsive, irrational one, she enjoys the orderly manner in which Nel lives. Although these best friends try to enjoy childhood and maintain a carefree adolescence, they end up facing challenges in life of friendship, love, and betrayal. For this novel, I will explain how the characters are identified and theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula1655 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two girls share as a result of their juvenescence--or does it? In Toni Morrison s Sula, this scene, among others, appears at first to be both irrelevant to the novel’s underlying theme and out of place with regard to the rest of the plot. Yet, when analyzed further, the literary devices that Morrison uses in these scenes bring readers to a vastly different conclusion. These scenes serv e as windows into the mind of Morrison and even into the larger themes present in the text. So, perhaps two girlsRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1631 Words   |  7 PagesFor Sula Peace and Nel Wright, in Sula, defining oneself in a pool of racism and varying moral standards is by no means challenging. Through a vivid and consistent emphasis of color and physical appearance, author Toni Morrison effectively outlines Sula and Nel’s attempts to comprehend and create their personal identities separate from the own mothers’ influences. Based on their situations, it appears that anyone can easily alter their character and self to fit their desires. However, Morrison ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula980 Words   |  4 Pageswho find themselves questioning. For there are choices and risks in every relationship. There are good and evil in each and everyone. In this time it is the 1900s set in Medallion, Ohio. Toni Morrison s Sula takes readers on a journey through pillars, betrayals and tragedies surrounding two girls; Nel Wright and Sula Peace. The Bottom originated from a master and a slave. After some arduous tasks, the slave was given a piece of land on top of the hills. This is where the black community settle onRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1474 Words   |  6 PagesBut what remains the same in a person after all these years? Toni Morrison, in her novel Sula, suggests that our inner selves do not change as much as we think. Through a consistent emphasis on body parts, color, and physical appearance, Morrison illustrates the coexistence of change and stability that lie within each person’s body and identity. Though it appears that people can easily alter their identities to fit their desires, Morrison ultimately emphasizes that one’s identity does not change overRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesOpposite and Similarity Attract in Sula Most of people find themselves attracted to someone very unlike them, a phenomenon called â€Å"opposites attract†. People are usually drawn to those whose personality, characteristics or habits are opposite to them because they are fascinated by the differences and are curious of exploring what they have never experienced before. Throughout history, many writers attempt to explore and investigate the cause of this absorbing human trait by analyzing their characters’Read MoreAnalysis Of Flaubert s Madame Bovary, Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesbe broken if new circumstances occur. A contract can be voided by mutual consent.† In other words, the bond established by the man and the woman is an ongoing unending commitment to each another. In Gustave Flaubert’s â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Sula† and Kate Chopin’s two short stories â€Å"The Storm† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we see disloyalty, complex love, misery, unfulfillment and importantly, infidelity supposed matrimony. In the story â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Emma’s marriage is dullRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Toni Morrisons Sula1464 Words   |  6 PagesMorrison’s novel Sula, takes place within a black community also referred to as the Bottom in Medallion, Ohio in the 1920’s. It’s a topsy turvy world. The once-useless land that a white man jeeringly provided for a dark man is currently being transformed into a socially attractive district for white individuals. However, this reversed request isnt only an amusing setting for the novel; it is a fundamental topic of the novel, for as Morrison has stated, Evil is as useful as good is although goodRead MoreSula Birthmark Analysis1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birthmark and Sula: Forced Identity Toni Morrison’s novel Sula, examines a wide range of topics, delving particularly into morality, the black female experience, and friendship. The narrative follows childhood best friends, Nel and Sula, as they navigate life in the Bottom, a black community in Ohio. Although inseparable as children, even undivided after accidentally killing a two-year-old boy, they follow divergent paths as adults. Nel leads a life of conformity; Sula does the opposite. AnRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her children. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her child ren from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis Paper: â€Å"Recitatif† by Toni Morrison Many authors write fictional novels about historical events. A common topic written about is the racial integration between African Americans and whites during the 1950’s. Although the short story â€Å"Recitatif† explicate many different themes, the central topic of Morrison’s writing is about racism. Throughout the story, the author expresses examples of hatred between black and white races at the shelter, the different encounters they have, and

The Impact On American Society - 926 Words

Throughout history the United States has been fortunate to have many presidents that made a significant positive impact on American society. One such president was Theodore Roosevelt and his work with consumer protection laws. Another was Lyndon B. Johnson and his support for civil rights. The actions of both presidents have had lasting impacts in America and changed the nation for the better. Theodore Roosevelt, a very active president, devoted much of his attention to the growing issue of consumer safety. The industrial revolution was a great advancement for America, but it also brought a new set of problems. Items like meat, medicines, and other household goods were now able to be mass produced in factories. However, sometimes these manufacturing plants were unfit for food preparation. As evidenced in (doc 4a), the conditions in meat packaging plants were sometimes repulsive, with meat laying on the floor and bits of other materials in the meat. Muckrakers also influenced Roosevel t in his action as the ills of the industry were exposed. One particularly influenced piece was Upton Sinclair’s â€Å"The Jungle†, which described in detail the unsanitary practices of the meat industry. Although critical of what he considered exaggerations in â€Å"The Jungle† Roosevelt was disturbed by this novel and decided to find out whether Sinclair’s fiction was factually based. The â€Å"Utica Saturday Globe† published a cartoon, which showed Roosevelt’s attitude toward the crisis of filth,Show MoreRelatedImpact Of The On American Society Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesprostate and the continued aging of the first respondents. This case is significant as 9/11 is still having an impact on American society, being more than a significant historical incident for Americans, although the search for a similar context would be able to frustrate researchers. There are several impacts caused for New York City after 9/11. Firstly, it directly created the economic impact on the city. The reputation of the economy of the city had been highly acknowledged as its economy was stableRead MoreAmerican Culture And Its Impact On American Society1599 Words   |  7 Pagesenter American Society and how have they assimilated or integrated to become part of it? Hispanics are a minority group who have overcome many struggles and stereotypes throughout history. It is important to know how it all started and how they managed to become such a huge part of todays society.  Hispanics Americans constitute more than 15% of the U.S population, and the number is still growing. It is the country’s largest ethnic minority group. When Hispanics enter into the American mainstreamRead MoreAfrican Americans And Its Impact On Society1589 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Americans have been through so much since being uprooted from their home in Africa. Most people do not understand what happened to African Americans and they understand what they had to go through to be where they are today. It went from being kings in the comfort of their home to being thrown on a boat packed like sardines to be forced to work in the fields. The trip was a massacre itself because many did not make it due to the treatment from others. African Americans have always been treatedRead MoreThe Impact of Hollywood in American Society1568 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough it started out as a novelty and a source of controversy, Hollywood has had an impact in American society significantly on political aspects in the 20th century as well as shaping our modern world. In 1894, two French Brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumiere introduced the portable motion picture camera and projector as a solution to the smaller projection of Thomas Edison’s original invention the kinetoscope. In April of 1896, the two men unveiled their vitascope and presented theRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On American Society1640 Words   |  7 Pages John Stuart Mill in a post 9/11 Western Society Adam Kershek History 1002-106: Growth of Western Civilization Since 1715 November 2, 2017 It is no mystery that 9/11 brought upon change in American society. The lasting effects of this unforgiving event, such as, the ongoing wars, the severity of immigration and deportation laws, and the increase in racial profiling, continues to disrupt American society. This brings up an important question: Why are these still lasting issues inRead MoreAmerican History And Its Impact On American Society1383 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican society is known for having the highest standard of living across the globe; this is solely due to the consumerist culture that is brought forth by capitalism. Americans in the U.S. take pride in these standards and in the freedoms that this democratic nation has established. The 20th century will always be remembered in American history as a century of radical changes on the social and political fronts of the nation. Literature, too, evolved quickly from specific, compartmentalized fieldsRead MoreAmerican History And Its Impact On Society3223 Words   |  13 Pageshas surprisingly only been this way for the past few decades. Up until then, discrimination of other cultures and races was integrated and even embraced in society in many different ways – laws, unspoken social hierarchies, and even in the work force. With only the opinion and views of whites with American history set as the standard for society, life for those of differing races was extremely limited and miserable. The voices of underpowered cultures lay mute, having no presence in the identityRead MoreMulticulturalism And Its Impact On The American Society1739 Words   |  7 Pagesintegration of both disciplines speaks volumes forth to streamlining the bending moral and values bending within societies. Alongside with the manifestation of societal classes that stems from ethnicity diversity, the field of art has evolved over the years to arrive at its present state. Ideally, the entire campaign behind this interdisciplinary approach is to reconstruct the already ruined society through encouraging good and imitable societal values. The unbearable awareness comes at a bitter cost forRead MoreThe Impact Of Music On American Society2238 Words   |  9 PagesThroughout its history, music has permeated the significant events of American history. Its effect on American society and the way the American people cope with each event has only grown as popular music evolves and new genres reach more and more individuals. People can remember where they were and their exact surroundings to amazing detail when asked about life-changing events in history. Older generations will remember the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Their children will remember when Kennedy was assassinatedRead MoreThe Vietnam War And Its Impact On American Society1082 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame one of the most controversial as well. It was the longest battle fought in American history, lasting from Nov 1, 1955 to April 30, 1975. The Vietnam War tainted America’s prideful self-image, becoming the first time the United States had ever failed in accomplishing its objective in war – preserve an independent, noncommunist government separate from the U.S. This war also had a heavy impact on the American public. It was the first to be nationally broadcast on television, allowing civilians

Hughes and Blues Double Consciousness Free Essays

A small yet significant example in The Big Sea takes place after Hughes becomes a seaman on a merchant ship at the age of twenty-one and takes his trip to Africa. As the ship arrives along the coast, Hughes writes that the regular ere acquires a ‘supplemental’ crew of Africans, as the current crew he was with â€Å"weren’t supposed to be able to stand the sun† (Hughes 320). Hughes states this simplistically, as though that’s the only angle to the regular crews’ reasoning. We will write a custom essay sample on Hughes and Blues: Double Consciousness or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sentence immediately following this oversimplified statement reads, â€Å"Then I had an African boy to do my washing, my cleaning, and almost all my work-as did everybody on board† (Hughes 320). Considering Hughes Just used the entire previous paragraph to describe his duties as seaman, it becomes obvious to the reader that Hughes is sing the African boy much In the way a white American would employ a minority to tend their house, do their yard- or fieldwork, cook and clean, taking advantage of the boys need for money. Hughes then Justifies using the African child as a sort of housekeeper by saying everyone else is doing it, and, â€Å"The Africans stood both work an sun without difficulty, it seems† (Hughes 320), and with those two lines, Hughes pretty much restates two of the original arguments for slavery. In Rampart’s The Life of Longs Hughes, Hughes is occasionally depicted as dealing with the internal struggle of double consciousness, such as after the publication of his book of poems, Fine Clothes to the Jew. A collection of poems that, as Hughes describes first- handedly as, â€Å"a better book than my first, because it was more impersonal, more about other people than myself† (Hughes 394). He considered the collection to be an honest glimpse into the world of African-American issues, and white America applauded the book. However, his black critics denounced it as garbage, and proclaimed Hughes to be (Ramped 140) and the ;poet Loretta of Harlem† (Hughes 396). Hughes’ relationship with Charlotte Mason, or Godmother as she liked to be called, Is spotted with a few examples of double consciousness. Meeting Mason through Lain Locke, Hughes was immediately taken under her wing in her effort to â€Å"elevate African culture to its rightful place of honor† (Ramped 147), and enlisted to create literary works of art. Seduced by the opportunity to work on his poetry and various writings without the uncertainty of poverty, Hughes went to work for Godmother in exchange for financial security, automaton an entire KICK Dates on Mason’s demands. Longs Hughes’ Tie was filled with examples of the tumultuous battle of double consciousness, from early life to old age, whether in Harlem or traveling around the world. His literature manages to explore both the assimilation of African-American into the Euro-American culture as well as the recognition and retention of the cultural aspects unique to the African- American community. Bibliography Ramped, Arnold. The Life of Longs Hughes. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Print. Hughes, Longs. The Longs Hughes Reader. New York: G. Brazier, 1958. Print How to cite Hughes and Blues: Double Consciousness, Papers

Hung Nguyen Essay Example For Students

Hung Nguyen Essay ENGL 20803 Dr.Lacefield Unit 4 The Curious Case of Benjamin Button The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, based on the 1922 short story of the same name by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is an American fantasy film directed by David Fincher in 2008. In the movie, Benjamin Button, played by Brad Pitt, is a man who was born as an elderly man but gets younger throughout time. His story is narrated in a New Orleans hospital, where his love interest throughout his life, Daisy Fuller, played by Cate Blanchett, is living her last moment. Infant Benjamin with a terrifying appearance was left by his father outside of a nursing home, where he was adopted byMs. Queenie. From there, he grewup and methis love, Daisy, for the first time, when shevisited her grandmother. The entire movie tells us about Benjamins unusual reverse aging adventures, his relationship with Daisy, and the people around him, which portray an incredible life he has. Over the course of The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, David Fincher explores the philosophy of Sartres conflict with the other, Heideggers being toward death, and Hamlets three existential conflicts. The Sartres philosophy is mentioned throughout the movie in not just main characters life but also others.This philosophy consists of authenticity and how we define ourselves in response to others(Lacefield). The first half of the movie revolves around the life of Benjamin, who grewup in an elderly man appearance but with a soul of a youngster.Even though the doctor diagnoses that Benjamin will die soon,he manages to grow up and live his life, contrary to everyones expectation. He wants to go out and discover the world; but he cannot walk,so heusescrutches to help him.When he is able to walk, he doesnot let his physical condition prevent him from going to the bar, having a wild night, and getting the job of as a sailor. This period has been portrayed successfully with the skillful acting, make-up, and computer-generated imagery (CGI) that representthe authenticity perfectly. Brad Pittportrays the psychological process of how a teenagers thoughts hidebeneath that elderly look, how th e child cannot understand what is wrong with him and suffer great pain, and how Benjamin stays true to himself even withothers prejudice about him.Besides Benjamin, the director also develops Sartres philosophy in other characters lives.When working as a sailor, Benjamin hearsaboutthecaptainsdream of becoming an artistand how his father insulted that childhood dream. The captain then undressesand shows Benjamin his body filled with tattoos, presenting that he had pursued his dream and became a tattoo artist. The philosophy says that The Other is often an obstacle to my authenticity and we define ourselves in responseto others (Lacefield).Because the captains father was the obstacle between him and his dream, it becomesthe motivation for him to keepfollowing this dream. He learnsto be both a tattoo artist and a sailor, in order to define and response to the others who he really is. Besides Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger is also a philosopher whose ideas about death are explored in this movie. Heidegger says that our mortality is a fundamental aspect of our existence, and we must recognize the implications of our own mortality in order to live most authentically(Lacefield). In The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Benjamin has a period living onthe sea in the World War II, where his ship encountersa submarine of the enemy. After the fight, he is one of the only few people left who are still alive. He realizesthatdeath seemsto be natural in war. In his conversationwithMs. Queenielater, his mother seesin his eyesthe pains Benjamin haswitnessed. However, she also seesthe joys in his journey. In fact, the pains that soldiers suffer in war is often the motivation for them to live a better life. Heideggers theory talks about the reason why we should think about death is to realize that your time to experience thing in life is limited; therefore,thinking about deat h helps you determine your most authentic priorities. Because of that,Benjamingetsin the relationship with Daisy and startsliving a full life with the heritage from his fathers button factory. Even after leaving Daisy and wandering in India, he still appreciates his youth time, which isgoing to end, by feeling things he had never felt before, meeting people with different points of view, and having the strength to start all over again whenever he fails. To create such experiences, the filmmakers have used special movie techniquesto represent his time in India. This part of the movie is a series of short videos in which Benjamin livesa poor but free life. His narration of his thoughts and the filter which makes this part of the movie look like an old low-quality documentary not only create a sense ofsorrow for a manwho is running out of his youth time, but also help audienceunderstand his appreciation for these experiences. Moreover, besides the main plot, the producer also uses Heid eggers philosophical idea in a small detail that only appears atthe beginning andatthe end of the movie. It isthe construction of the clock which runsreversely in the central of the subway station. This clock is to memorize the death the clockmakers son who died in war. At the end, this clock, replaced by an electrical one, liesdown in a storage but still runsreversely, reminding us to think about death. The way director delicately puts this detail in the introduction and at the end leavesthe audiences with strong emphasis about the philosophy of Heidegger. .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 , .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .postImageUrl , .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 , .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:hover , .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:visited , .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:active { border:0!important; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:active , .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65 .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0fa84590ed72487c5ef33478758cb65:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Sexuality Essay Another theory that can be seen in the movie is the Hamlets Three Existential Conflicts, which are to exist or to commit self-destruct, to be what others desire or to be who one authentically wants to be, and to be one self or to be a different self. The existential philosophy seeks to help the individual find an authentic narrative or life-script while also acknowledging the unresolvable tensions in each of the three dichotomies(Lacefield).These conflicts are portrayed in different storylines in the movie. Daisy growsup and becomesa famous dancer who travelsaround the world to perform. At the peak of her career, she getsin an accident in Paris andhas to end hercareer. WhenBenjamin fliesto France to visit her, Daisy harshly askshimto leave because she isstill in shockthat her career has ended.She seemsto commit in a self-destruction, leaving everyone she loved and feeling the darkness overwhelming her. However, the thought of existence wins over the darkness and she comesback to America, fallsin love with Benjamin, and opensa dancing class for children. Not only relatesto the first conflict, this story also connectsto the conflictbetween self and other. Daisy is expected to live a life of a housewife with such injures, but she still decides to pursueher passion asa dancing teacher. The director, David Fincher, has a unique way to illustrate theregret of Daisy. She flashbacksachain of related events that hashappened before the accident and wishesif anyof them occurred differently. By doing this, the director stimulates the heartbroken feeling in the audience for Daisys fate. Apartfrom Daisys conflicts, there is an inner conflict i nside Benjamin when he knows his loveris pregnant. On one hand, he can be happier to become a father, to love and take care of his daughter.On the other hand, he understands that he is aging reversely and someday he willput the responsibility on Daisy to raise both him and their child. At the end, he decidesto leave all the money for Daisy and goesto India. It is a hard decision for Benjamin as he putshis family above him. In conclusion, The Curious Case of Benjamin presents many existential ideas and teaches the audience a lesson of life appreciation. These ideas describe the way people decide and live in different circumstances. Throughout the life adventure of BenjaminButton, the stories of himand other characters have made great impacts on the audience, encouraging them to appreciatetheir lives more. Work Cited Lacefield, Kristen. Hamlet and Existentialism.TexasChristian University,n.p, May 12, 2017.

The New York Times in Vietnam free essay sample

This research paper shows how the New York Times accurately portrayed events during the Vietnam War. This paper examines how the New York Times coverage of the Vietnam war played a vital role in supplying the nation with factual knowledge during the Vietnam conflict and how these facts helped turn the American public against the war. What was unknown at that time, but has since come out, was that President Lyndon B. Johnson was conducting a massive publicity campaign to dampen the growing domestic concern and mounting dissidence against the war (The Tet Offensive B03). Johnson, himself, publicly stated in late December that the enemy is not beaten, but he knows that he has met his master in the field (The Tet Offensive B03). The observations made by the editorial staff of the New York Times have proven to be particularly on target when proven by the test of time and the advantages of having access to secret documents form that period. We will write a custom essay sample on The New York Times in Vietnam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Text Features to Navigate - Table of Contents, Glossary and Index

Text Features to Navigate - Table of Contents, Glossary and Index   A positive approach to teaching text features is not only to use them in instruction, or create worksheets, but to give students practice using those text features in other ways, as a group.   The features in this article (Table of Contents, Index and Glossary) are not found directly in the text but either in the front of the book (Table of Contents) or in the back (Index and Glossary) and are tools to help the student use the text to find information.    The Text Features Table of Contents The first page after the frontispiece and the publishers information is usually The Table of Contents.   You will find the same features in an ebook, as well (since they are usually digital forms of the printed text.)    Usually they will have the title of each chapter and the page number.   Some will even have subtitles for subsections which the author uses to organize the text. Glossary Often, especially in a student text book, words that appear in the glossary will be highlighted or even highlighted in a color.   As the age of the student and difficulty of the text increases, the glossary words will not appearthe student is expected to know that they can find specific vocabulary for the subject in the glossary.   Ã‚   Glossary entries are very much like dictionary entries, and will often have a pronunciation key and at least the definition for the word as used in the text and subject.   Sometimes authors will provide other definitions, but in either case, it is important for students to understand that when there is only one, there may be more than one meaning, and when there are multiples, only one definition should be chosen to make sense of the word in the context.    Index The index, at the end of the book, helps students find information in the body of the text.   We know that in order to research for a paper, we need to know how to find information in a text using an index.   We can also help students understand that when they have read a text and cant recall specific information, that information can be found in the index.   At the same time, students need to understand how to use synonyms to find information they are looking for - They may not know that to learn about the signing of the constitution, they should look first for Constitution in the index, and then hopefully find Signing as a sub subject.   Instructional Strategies Introduce the Terms Table of Contents, Index and Glossary First, of course, you need to find out if your students can name and then find text features.   Text features are being introduced almost as soon as students begin reading, in late first grade.    Still, students have significant difficulty with reading, they probably havent been paying attentionthey have probably been more attentive to ways to avoid having to read aloud.   So . . .   Choose a text.   It may be one you are using in your class, or you may want a non-fiction text that the students can have in front of them.   I find that Reading A-Z has excellent non-fiction.   (I will be using a text later to illustrate using the Treasure Hunt strategy for practice.)    I would recommend, for these purposes, to use a text that is at or below the students independent reading level, so that the code (decoding the text) is not the focus of your lesson.   Ã‚   Find the text features.   Send the students to specific page numbers and have students put their finger on the text feature, or have students find the particular item. i.e. Find the Table of Contents and put your finger on the words Table of Contents to show me you know how to find it.   Model using the text feature: Table of Contents:   i.e. Find the third chapter. What is the Title? What will you probably read about in this chapter? Index:   We know our book is about dogs.   I have a chihuahua, so help me find where I can read about chihuahuas.   (Be sure to check there is a section, first!) Glossary:   Find a word in the textIve chosen apprentice from Sellman, Jane.   Benjamin Franklin from Reading A - Z.   (p.7)   Read the text aloud.   When you get to the word, remind students where the glossary is and have a student find the word in the glossary, and read it aloud to you.    Games Cant beat games to get students motivated and give them practice!   Use favorite games and give your students practice.   here are some ideas for these text features. Glossary Go:   Put all the words in a books glossary on 3 X 5 cards and  shuffle.   Assign a caller, and divide your group into teams.   Have the caller read the word and place it on the table.   Have a child from each team ready when the word is read and find it 1) in the glossary and then 2) find the sentence in the text.   The first person to find the word in the text raises their hand and then reads the sentence.    This game asks the students to use the glossary to find the page and then to search the page for the word in context.   Text Feature Treasure Hunt Two ways I see to play this: Individually.   Make this a race to see who finds the items first:   i.e.   What does colonial mean? Go! The student who finds the answer first gets a point.   Play until you have a winner.   Requires some preparation. In a Group.   Make each task a clue from the text.   Make two or three sets so you can divide your group/class into more than one group.   Have the words in the answer correspond to something in your class, or . . . label locations where you hide the next clue with a word in the answer.

CRJ 422 Week 2 assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRJ 422 Week 2 assignment - Essay Example The theory provides logical arguments that are systematic and provides specific, important causes of delinquency. The delinquency theories in the article are composed of propositions and concepts. The article further explores the use of research coupled with theories to unveil the causes and of delinquency. This provides a solid background in understanding juvenile delinquencies, which has been a problem in the society (Smith, 2008). In any contemporary jurisdiction, the best solution and preventions of social problems are significantly easy to find when the causes of such a problem are established. This article is anchored in such a philosophy, and has come up with several factors that influence the criminality among the juvenile delinquency. Such factors include drug influence, broken homes and low education among others. The articles describe how the factors that influence juvenile delinquency can be controlled and prevented. It delineates several critical and youthful measures that can be employed to achieve better results. Such include; wealth creation, enhancing parental responsibilities, education and training of the youths among others (John et al., 2013) . This article describes a significant transformation of juvenile delinquency in the courts of law. To promote a better understanding of handling the minor when they commit a crime, there should be juvenile courts instituted. The article describes the process of trying a minor in such court of law, how they get a competent attorney, and how they are helped through probation or per role basis. To promote all these, there should be enough staff from in the juvenile judicial system. The staff shall assist in maintaining the criminal justice as well as social justice in the community to avert juvenile delinquency. In USA, majority of young people agree to engage in some sorts of delinquent

Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation and Knowledge Transfer - Assignment Example In regard to this, a critical evaluation of how certain organisations drive innovation to maintain competitive advantage will be explored. This report will evaluate innovation within Starbucks Corporation, the leading specialty coffee seller in the world. The author will examine how the corporation took on the innovation challenge by evaluating what Starbucks does, who does it, how well the personnel manage innovation, what the process of innovation involves and how it is shared across parts of the corporation. This will be examined against certain concepts and frameworks established by researchers in this field to provide a sound critical analysis. The report to be conducted will encompass a study that seeks to establish the role of innovation in enhancing the competitive advantage of Starbucks Corporation. In achieving this, the paper will seek to identify the potential benefits accrued from adoption of innovation and the threats facing innovation in such firms. Tidd and Bessant (2009) define innovation as â€Å"the process of turning opportunity into new ideas and putting these into widely used practice†. According to Trott (2008, p. 15), innovation involves managing all activities that are necessary to the process of creating ideas, technology development, developing and marketing of a novel or improved product or services. Thus, innovation does not just stop with coming up with a new idea, or inventing something, nor creating new market niches. It is a process that takes into account all these factors and integrates them. The challenge in innovation lies in the process it involves. The process revolves essentially around methods of searching for triggers in the internal and external environment for innovation, selecting viable ideas to invest in, implementation and sustaining the innovation into the organization’s policies and structures (Nelson and Winter, 1982, p. 143; Tidd and Bessant, 2009). Tidd and Bessant

The Trial by Jury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Trial by Jury - Essay Example Through the device of peremptory challenge which has been allowed in the selection of jurors, it has become possible for the defense or the prosecution to manipulate the composition of the jury to suit their own purposes and further the verdict they seek to achieve, thereby making a mockery of the impartiality and dependability of the judicial process, which works to uncover the facts surrounding a case from an unbiased perspective and through an application of the law by honest, fair and unprejudiced jurors. Therefore, unless a pure jury system is reintroduced, the truth could be obscured or manipulated through the devices mentioned above and it may become necessary for a judge to adopt a more inquisitorial role to probe deeper to discover the truth. One of the first aspects that belie the impartiality of the pure jury trial process lies in the terms â€Å"on indictment† in Article 80 of the Constitution, whereby the jury trial may be precluded altogether through Parliament authorizing summary proceedings for any offense. Fricke illustrates the merits of the pure jury system that was able to acquit 13 diggers who were accused of treason in the Eureka trials, thus illustrating the power of the democratic jury trial process in upholding the popular perspective over the official establishment view. But the compromising of the pure jury trial process may be noted in Justice Wright’s criticism of the existing jury trial system on the basis that juries deliver wrong verdicts because they essentially consist of amateurs who are easily influenced and manipulated by clever counsels. Hence it may be necessary for judges themselves step in and uncover the truth which the jury may not be able to successfully achieve. The case o f R v Laws also points out the dangers in using juries who may divulge information about jury deliberations before the verdict is reached in a case.

Assessment Interviews in Therapy

Assessment Interviews in Therapy SCREENING AND ASSESSMENT SOPHIA A. JOHNSON 1. Psychologist in Private Practice Client #1, who is a 28 year old, married, father of a 2 year old and a 6 month old infant, has been referred to our private practice by his office’s free counseling resources. He recently lost a job promotion and also feels overwhelmed at home with a new born baby and all the adjustments that comes with a newborn. No longer enjoys hanging out with friends or family, often refuses to get out of bed when he does not have to work. His wife is also finding it hard to get him to participate in the care of their children, he is no longer affectionate and loving as he once was. He is cynical, aggressive and pessimistic about things he would normally see the beauty in. Chief Complaint: I just cant seem to be happy with anything anymore. Im miserable and Im making everybody around me miserable. Assessment will be conducted by our in house psychologist. The contextual considerations that apply to this client is that decision regarding assessment is solely based on the consultation from the psychologist. This may impact the assessment plan as â€Å"the psychologist may question whether the treatment available in the psychological clinic is appropriate† (Groth-Marnat, p. 46), because they may have extensive medical problems, or possible need for inpatient treatment. As a means of getting to know and understand the client outside of regular observation during the initial interview, the psychologist could administer a personality assessment to aid in understanding the whole person, this will also help to identify any other underlying issues if client needs to be referred to another practitioner. One ethical concerns that could relate to the assessment process of this client is the security and usage of the information shared, privacy and confidentiality of data gathered during assessment process. Another ethical concern that may arise is the qualifications of the attending psychologist. According to the (BACB, 2010), â€Å"1.03 one must maintain competence in their area of expertise through professional development† in order to effectively serve and offer services. Client #2: 41 year old, recently divorced female with no children and high school education Chief Complaint: No matter what I do, I cannot relax, I am always stressing out about something. I feel like Im going crazy. Client #2 was referred to the private practice by her general practitioner to consult with our psychologist because her inability to relax has caused her blood pressure to rise and medication does not seem to be having an effect on bringing her numbers down. Changes to her pressure has seemed to increase during her divorce proceedings. She was not previously diagnosed as being hypertensive, however, hypertension does run in her family. Since her divorce she is concern about her financial future and blaming herself for her marriage ending. She has also been evaluation her chose in not returning to school to get a better education, she had hoped to start a family and then return to school after the children themselves had started school. All those dreams now seem so far away and her future looked empty and hopeless, she anxious and scared of what the future holds for her. The private practice contextual considerations are self or professional referral, sole decision makers are the client and the psychologist. Clients of this nature are usually self-referred and are trying to find release from some inner turmoil. The contextual consideration would impact a plan assessment for client #2, because extensive assessment is usually not required for these cases. However, the best method of gathering information would be through the use of interviews, which will be best conducted using the semi-structured method to allow the patient to share openly, but still allow the clinician to be able to focus on the required questions that must be asked to when conducting a functional assessment. Some ethical concerns that may affect client #2 is the test construction pertinent to the issues of this client, avoidance of harm and exploitation, â€Å"disclosures about exceptions to confidentiality† (Nagy, 2011); â€Å"invasion of privacy† and how much will be required to be shared and if shared how will the information be used and guarded once documented. 2. School Psychologist Client #1: 7-year-old second-grader from intact family that recently moved into the school district Referral Problems: academic difficulties related to reading and writing, social difficulties with peers. Our 7 year old second grader is part of a military family and moves around quiet often with his family. His father is an air force pilot and is often away for a long period of time, his mom also works. He receives love and attention when they are available but is often left on his own. He spends most of his time building toy planes because he hopes to someday be a pilot like his Dad. Contextual considerations for client #1 in this setting the decision to be assessed came from an educational setting as a referral by his teachers and school counselor. The decision was unified by a group who has his best interest at heart because they all believe he has the potential to excel. According to study conducted by (Sattler, 2001), when evaluating the extent and nature of a child’s learning difficulties the assessment process must be sensitive to the interactions, personality and characteristics of the child, as well as the expectations of those requesting the assessment† (Groth-Marnat, p. 44) In this setting an adult has to give consent for all assessment and determination for placement change. The individually oriented assessment is carried out through direct observation in the child’s natural environment. Other assessment methods that may be employed is the â€Å"WISC-III, Stanford Binet test for intellectual abilities† (Groth-Marnat, p. 44), observation of behavior and interactions with teachers and students will also be rated. Most importantly is the test administered must be appropriate for a 7 year-old. Ethical concerns are to ensure that no harm is done to the child, validity of test assessment data and use and release of assessment data. Labeling and restriction of freedom is also another ethical concern that may affect client #1 will the results impose any negative consequence that may affect his future or reinforce the behavior. Client #2: 17 -year-old high school student Referral Problems: failing grades, refused to follow course sequences, considering dropping out. This client recently lost a parent and no longer feels apart of her home school environment, her single parent is struggling financially and have decided that it may be best to move closer to family in another state. Contextual considerations for client #21 in this setting is the decision to be assessed came as a referral by his teachers and school guidance counselor. Consent from an adult is also need as the child is under 18 years of age. Ethical concern that may be of concern to client #2, Principle E: Respect for Peoples Rights and Dignity (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2014), sharing of personal information gathered from the assessment with other teachers. Not because the client is underage, they can be forced to share thoughts they would otherwise prefer to keep hidden. Communication of test results is also of ethical concern, (Groth-Marnat) notes that feedback from the assessment must be presented in a clear, competent and understandable language for all to understand, without misinterpretation. While a structured interview strategy is most reliable, a semi-structured interview strategy will yield more information as it gives the client and clinician more of a free style to engage and share information that may not otherwise be noted on the questionnaire. The purpose of an assessment interview is to obtain authorization and to learn the client’s background history and any detail about the issue on hand, prior to embarking on an assessment plan. Verbal and face to face, using a semi-structured or structured format with the 17- year old high school student. Note taking and Recording of initial interview must be carried out Establish initial rapport Gather specific information, history and current and past school attendance and grades, family history History of problem Give the client an opportunity to ask questions and share information Plan of assessment for Client #1: 7-year-old second-grader. (Steege, 2009), believes that â€Å"decisions regarding the development and evaluation of interventions with students who exhibit problem behaviors should be based on objective and accurate information†. The most appropriate assessment for our 7-year old would be the Direct Descriptive FBA procedures Anecdotal and systematic observations Interval Recording Procedure (IRP) Extended functional analyses – â€Å"observation is carried out in the students natural environment, learning ability and interpersonal interaction is observed and measured† (Cooper 2007) (Groth-Marnat). Assessment of reinforcer preferences Using this method will help us to (1) identify and gather information relating to our 7 year-old; (2) assess the nature and quality of the his learning environment; (3) administer the comprehensive assessment battery of test that takes into consideration academic and intellectual abilities, over several minutes for up to 30 minutes, ; (4) identify and describe any interfering behaviors; (5) Document and log academic and social performance; (6) create an intervention plan that will enable our 7 year-old to increase his academic performance and social interactions. The value of using this method is the intervention plan that will be derived from the assessment will be focused on meeting the specific needs of our 7 year-old, by identify triggers, motivators and reinforcers, and using them to influence his actions and behavior in a positive and productive way. Functional assessment utilizes multiple tools to assess and develop a plan assessment that will investigate the academic ability of our client giving us an insight into his cognitive abilities and interpersonal skills, and because the data is real-time it is evidence-based and makes for effective and unbiased decision. References BACB. (2010, June). BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code. Retrieved from BACB Professional and Ethical Compliance Code: http://www.bacb.com/index.php?page=57 Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. (2014). Retrieved from American Psychological Association : http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx Groth-Marnat, G. (n.d.). Hand Book of Psychological Assessment. EBSCO Publishing. Nagy, T. F. (2011). Essential Ethics for Psychologists. In T. F. Nagy, Ethics in Psychological Assessment (pp. 171-183). American Psychological Association. Steege, M. . (2009). Conducting school-based functional behavioralassessments:A practitioners guide(2nded.). New York, NY: TheGuilford Press.

Political Parties Essay -- Politics, Clientelistic and Programmatic Ci

What influences parties’ choices between clientelistic and programmatic citizen- politician linkages? In the context of democratization, many authoritarian regimes used to deploy clientelism as the main strategy for maintaining its rules (Magaloni 2006). Even in democratic institutions, parties could systematically and continuously engage in clientelism to maintain long time ruling (Piattoni 2001, Kitschelt 2007). Those hegemonic parties, once defeated in elections, faced an important choice of where to go. In various accounts, different parties went through different lines of development, producing different outcomes. Compared to Shefter’s (1977) analysis that the choice of clientelistic/programmatic strategies is path-dependent and fixed, this paper seeks to address the changes. By investigating two cases of former hegemonic parties’ transition after electoral defeat (KMT in Taiwan and PRI in Mexico), I examined why parties made different choices, and how those different moves altered the transformation of parties. Furthermore, I offered a theoretical pattern in conclusion to differentiate different forms of transformation by two factors: resource control and ideological strength. Theoretical terms and method Two key terms in this paper need to be clarified in advance: resource control and ideological strength. By resource control, I mean particularly the financial resources parties possess and distribute for the sake of winning elections. Resources include control over central or local government budget, access to public subsidies allocation and other properties owned by parties. Levels of resource control can be measured by different offices held by the party and the party’s expenditure structure. It is generally perce... ...dence direction, with President Lee Teng-hui openly announced that Taiwan and mainland China were de facto two different states. This shift had angered many pro-unification party bases, and motivated some KMT politicians to form the New Party (NP) in 1993. NP went on becoming the third largest party, and attracted many votes from traditional KMT supporters. After 2000 election, James Soong also formed his own party, People First Party (PFP), and replaced NP as the major pro-unification party in the system. As the regime cleavage has effectively faded following the successful democratization and regime change, state-identity cleavage became the major salient issue of Taiwan elections. The ambiguous position KMT took on state-identity issues made it hard to perform well among sharply divided ideological voters, and the party was at risk of losing its own â€Å"location†.